Una aproximación a las descargas por evapotranspiración del acuífero freático pampeano en la cuenca del Arroyo del Azul (llanura pampeana)

Romina Marcovecchio; Marcelo Varni

doi:10.35305/curiham.v26i0.149

Authors

Romina Marcovecchio Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras. Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-9117
Marcelo Varni Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras. Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina y Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Rectorado y Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail para correspondencia: marcelovarni@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-909X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35305/curiham.v26i0.149

Keywords:

groundwater total recharge, groundwater flow discharge, direct discharge by evapotranspiration

Abstract

Total monthly recharges, discharges by groundwater flow to discharge zones and losses by direct evapotranspiration from the water table are studied from the daily variation of the water table level in a shallow well in the flat area of the Azul stream basin., located at the Pampean plain. The phreatic levels were recorded using a piezoresistive pressure sensor. The analyzed phreatic aquifer is the Pampeano aquifer. The phreatic levels varied in the period analyzed (2007-2018) between 0.5 and 4 m deep. Direct evapotranspiration discharges from the water table have been found to be a relevant fraction of the total recharge (42%). Direct evapotranspiration discharges are higher in warm months, although the least inter-annual variability occurs in cold and warm months. The greatest variability occurs in autumn and spring. In the period 2007-2018, the average annual total recharge was 252 mm, the average annual loss of recharge to the atmosphere was 105 mm, with a standard deviation of 25 mm and a coefficient of variation of 0.24. This important percentage of the total recharge that is lost by direct evapotranspiration means that the soil water balances must be considered with special attention to estimate the recharge to the aquifer (which does not consider this loss) and explains certain inconsistencies with the groundwater flow models. that required a decrease in recharge in the flattest area to enable the adjustment of the water table levels.

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